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🇨🇳 China · National ID card

Resident Identity Card

Resident Identity Card (second-generation)

The Resident Identity Card is China's mandatory national ID for citizens aged 16 and over, with the second generation carrying an embedded contactless IC chip. It encodes an 18-digit citizen number and is required for banking, SIM registration, travel, hotels, and most government services, anchoring China's real-name registration regime.

What it does
Identity verification / KYCBiometric authentication
Country:🇨🇳 China
Type:National ID card
Status:Live
Launched:2004
Issuer:Ministry of Public Security (MPS), via local Public Security Bureaus
Who can get it:PRC citizens (compulsory at 16+, voluntary under 16)
Format
CardNumber
Identity attributes
NameGenderEthnicityDate of birthAddress18-digit ID numberPhotoValidity period
Authentication methods
Visual inspectionContactless chip readFacial recognition at checkpoints
Common use cases
BankingSIM / telecom registrationDomestic travel (flights, trains, hotels)Government services
Standards
ISO/IEC 14443 contactless chipISO 7064 checksumNational GB card standards
Coverage

Effectively universal among adults (well over 1 billion holders)

Interoperability

Domestic

Privacy and trust

The card anchors China's real-name regime, enabling extensive linkage across telecom, finance, travel, and facial-recognition networks that rights groups cite as enabling state surveillance.

Identity verification providers

Independent identity verification vendors that support documents like this for KYC and onboarding. Exact document coverage varies by provider and region, so confirm support before relying on it.

Resident Identity Card: frequently asked questions

Who must have a Resident Identity Card?
All PRC citizens aged 16 and older are required to hold one, while children under 16 may apply voluntarily.
Is there a digital version of the physical card?
Yes. China issues an online cyber ID via the MPS network identity platform, letting citizens prove identity online without carrying the physical card.
Educational reference, not official guidance. Confirm current details with the issuing authority. See China data protection law · all China schemes · identity verification vendors