What is a national digital ID?

A national digital ID is a government-issued electronic identity that lets a person prove who they are online and often in person. It can be a smart ID card with a chip, a mobile app or wallet, a bank-led eID, or a government login service, and it is used for authentication, identity verification, and sometimes digital signatures.

Which countries have a digital ID?

This directory covers 59 countries and 96 schemes, including India (Aadhaar), Estonia (e-ID), Singapore (Singpass), the EU (Digital Identity Wallet), Ukraine (Diia), the United States (Login.gov, mobile driver licenses, ePassport), Brazil (gov.br), Nigeria (NIN), and many more.

What is the difference between an eID, a mobile driver license, and an ePassport?

An eID is a general electronic identity for authentication and signing. A mobile driver license (mDL) is a phone-based version of a driving license built on ISO/IEC 18013-5 for in-person and age checks. An ePassport is a travel document with an ICAO-standard chip used at borders. Many countries run more than one of these.

Are national digital IDs interoperable across borders?

Mostly not yet. EU schemes notified under eIDAS work across the EU, ePassports follow global ICAO standards, and the EU Digital Identity Wallet is designed for cross-border use, but most national eIDs are domestic. Emerging standards like ISO mDL and OpenID for Verifiable Credentials aim to improve this.

96 schemes across 59 countries

Digital IDs by country

A vendor-neutral directory of national digital identity and eID schemes around the world. Pick a country to see its schemes, and open any scheme to learn what it is, who issues it, how people authenticate with it, the standards it uses, and how it connects to identity verification. Covers national ID cards, mobile eIDs and wallets, bank-led eIDs, government logins, ePassports, and mobile driver licenses.

Educational reference, not official guidance. Each scheme links to its official source. Status and coverage change quickly, so confirm current details with the issuing authority.

Europe

24 countries

North America

3 countries

Asia-Pacific

16 countries

Middle East

5 countries

Africa

6 countries

Latin America

5 countries

Digital identity: frequently asked questions

What is a national digital ID?: A national digital ID is a government-issued electronic identity that lets a person prove who they are online and often in person. It can be a smart ID card with a chip, a mobile app or wallet, a bank-led eID, or a government login service, and it is used for authentication, identity verification, and sometimes digital signatures.
Which countries have a digital ID?: This directory covers 59 countries and 96 schemes, including India (Aadhaar), Estonia (e-ID), Singapore (Singpass), the EU (Digital Identity Wallet), Ukraine (Diia), the United States (Login.gov, mobile driver licenses, ePassport), Brazil (gov.br), Nigeria (NIN), and many more.
What is the difference between an eID, a mobile driver license, and an ePassport?: An eID is a general electronic identity for authentication and signing. A mobile driver license (mDL) is a phone-based version of a driving license built on ISO/IEC 18013-5 for in-person and age checks. An ePassport is a travel document with an ICAO-standard chip used at borders. Many countries run more than one of these.
Are national digital IDs interoperable across borders?: Mostly not yet. EU schemes notified under eIDAS work across the EU, ePassports follow global ICAO standards, and the EU Digital Identity Wallet is designed for cross-border use, but most national eIDs are domestic. Emerging standards like ISO mDL and OpenID for Verifiable Credentials aim to improve this.

See also the identity regulations by country and the identity standards these schemes build on.