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🇪🇸 Spain · National ID card

DNIe

Documento Nacional de Identidad electronico (electronic National Identity Document)

The DNIe is Spain's mandatory national identity card with an embedded chip that enables secure online authentication and qualified digital signatures. It is the foundational electronic identity for Spanish citizens.

What it does
Online authenticationIdentity verification / KYCQualified digital signaturesTravel / border control
Country:🇪🇸 Spain
Type:National ID card
Status:Live
Launched:2006
Issuer:Directorate-General of the Police, Ministry of the Interior
Who can get it:Spanish citizens (the DNI is mandatory from age 14)
Format
Smart card
Identity attributes
Legal nameDate of birthDNI numberPhotoSignature
Authentication methods
PKI smart cardPINBiometric
Common use cases
Government servicesBanking / KYCDigital signaturesTravel
Standards
eIDAS LoA HighX.509 PKIICAO 9303
Coverage

Held by essentially the entire adult Spanish population as the mandatory national ID

Interoperability

Part of Spain's eIDAS notified identity provision, integrated via the Cl@ve eIDAS node

Privacy and trust

Digital signing keys are held on the card and protected by a PIN, keeping signature creation under the holder's control.

Identity verification providers

Independent identity verification vendors that support documents like this for KYC and onboarding. Exact document coverage varies by provider and region, so confirm support before relying on it.

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Official source
https://www.dnielectronico.es/PortalDNIe/

DNIe: frequently asked questions

What is the DNIe?
It is the electronic version of Spain's mandatory national identity card, with a chip that lets you authenticate online and sign documents digitally.
How does the DNIe relate to Cl@ve?
The DNIe can be used to register for and authenticate through the Cl@ve platform for accessing public administration services.
Educational reference, not official guidance. Confirm current details with the issuing authority. all Spain schemes · identity verification vendors